[ influence of circuit resistance training intensity on ghrelin to obestatin ratio of plasma in healthy young women]

Ghrelin and obestatin are orexigenic and anorexigenic peptides, respectively, which are believed to be important in the regulation of energy homeostasis and body weight control. The purpose of this study was to clarify the possible mechanisms of resistance training in energy homeostasis and weight control. Twenty-seven female college students, age 22 +/- 1.54 yr, and body mass index 20.76 +/- 1.86 kg/m2 [mean +/- SE] were randomly assigned to the experimental and control groups. Subjects performed circuit-resistance training protocol with 40% and 80% 1 RM for 4 weeks. Circulating levels of total ghrelin, obestatin, ghrelin to obestatin ratio and glucose were measured before and after 4 weeks intervention for all subjects. One-way ANOVA revealed a higher and significant [P<0.05] post- training change in circulating levels of ghrelin to obestatin ratio as well as plasma obestatin concentrations significantly decreased [P<0.05] in the 80% IRM group. It seems that resistance training-induced energy deficit in the 80% IRM group resulted that ghrelin precursor goes to the production of ghrelin. Thus, obestatin secretion is reduced and ghrelin to obestatin ratio is increased to stimulate food intake behavior, compensating for lost energy sources and eventually restoring the body's energy balance

[ effects of short term circuit resistance training on serum homocysteine and CRP concentrations in active and inactive females]

Elevated levels of serum biomarkers such as C-reactive protein [CRP], and homocysteine have been independently associated with cardiovascular disease risk. However, the prevalence of concurrent changes of these biomarkers after short term circuit resistance training in females is unknown, as is their association with cardiovascular disease. Our aim was to compare the effects of short term circuit resistance training on serum homocysteine and CRP concentrations in active and inactive females. Forty-Three healthy, female university students, mean age 22/74 +/- 3/9 y, weight 59/91 +/- 9/8 kg, height 165/9 +/- 0/04 cm, BMI 21/73 +/- 3/1 [kg/m2], PBF 26/47 +/- 5/01, and Vo2max 38/65 +/- 5/43 [ml/kg/min], were randomly assigned to four groups; active experimental [AE, n=8] active control [AC, n=8] inactive experimental [NE, n=13] inactive control [NC, n=14]. For 2 weeks subjects performed short term circuit resistance training, 5 times per week [10 sessions]; the exercises include chest press, leg extention, sit-ups, lat. pull down, front row, foot raising, back extention, and leg curl with free weights and machines, During the first week the training was done at 40% of their one-repetition maximum [1RM] for 15 repetitions and 3 sets, and during the second week the intensity of training was increased to 50% 1RM, while other features of training remained constant. Both before and 48 hours after the last training session, fasting and resting blood samples were collected. Homocysteine using HPLC and CRP using the immunoturbidometric method were evaluated. Comparison within groups showed that homocysteine concentration in all 4 groups was reduced and CRP showed increase in the active experimental group but did not change in the inactive group. In comparison between groups there were no significant differences in homocysteine and CRP levels. It seems that short term circuit resistance training can be used as a method of preventing cardiovascular disease in women, and it can be recommended as a lifestyle intervention to promote health

effect of short term endurance training on the expression of hepatic abcal and reverse cholesterol transport in male wistar rats

The Reverse Cholesterol Transport [RCT] process consists of removing excess cholesterol and phospholipids from peripheral cells to liver to exert as bile. This process consists of removing excess cholesterol by ABCA1 transporter to the Apolipoprotein A-l to form PreBeta HDL, which is then converted to spherical HDL by the action of LCAT enzyme. Previously we have shown that six weeks of endurance training has positive effects on expression of ABCA1. In the present study, we investigate the effect of short term endurance training on ABCA1 expression and other factors in RCT such as Apolipoprotein A-l, Prebeta HDL, LCAT activity and HDL-C concentration. Twenty-eight male wistar rats were subjected to endurance training treadmill running for 3 weeks, 5 days a week, 90 min with 26 m/min during each training session. Expression of hepatic ABCA1 was clearly evident following the 3 weeks of endurance training. The concentration of Apo A-l did not change because of endurance training but the results showed significant increases in PreBeta HDL [P=0/01], LCAT activity [P=0/04] and HDL-C concentration [P=0/004]. The results of this study clearly show that 3 weeks of endurance training with moderate intensity can improve the RCT process and has a positive effect in prevention of arteriosclerosis

effect of exercise on plasma acylated ghrelin concentrations and gastrocnemius muscle mRNA expression in male rats

Ghrelin is a gut hormone predominantly produced by the stomach and, to a lesser extent, by other regions of the gastrointestinal tract. Ghrelin circulates in the bloodstream in two different forms: acylated [or n-octanoylated] and unacylated [or des-octanoylated or des-acylated]. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of 12 weeks training on plasma acylated ghrelin concentrations and gastrocnemius muscle mRNA expression in male rats. Twenty adult Wistar male rats [8 weeks old, 280 +/- 20 g] were used. Animals were randomly divided into experimental [EX, n = 10, V=34m/min]